1. Write in front

Introduced in the previous articleDartThe optional parameters in the method, the method is passed as a parameter , then continue to learn nowDartmiddleanonymous function,Closure.

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2. Anonymous functions

An anonymous function is also an anonymous method, as the name implies, a method without a method name. haha 😁

• code example

void  functionTest ( )  { 
// anonymous method accepts 
  var with a variable func =  ( ) { 
    print ( "I am an anonymous method" ) ; 
  } ; 
  func ( ) ; 
}

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• operation result

Why use a variable to accept it here? If you don't accept it, it's meaningless to write it directly, it can't be executed! as follows:

( ) { 
    print ( "I am an anonymous method" ) ; 
  } ;

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It is originally an anonymous method, and there is no method name. How can you call it? You can only use variables to accept the method address, so you can call it directly.

• execute method immediately

The immediate execution method is the method that is executed when it is written. It does not need to be called. It is executed when it is run. The format:(anonymous method)()

( ( ) { 
    print ( "I am executing the method immediately" ) ; 
  } ) ( ) ;

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• code running result

• Anonymous method as parameter

Remember from the previous blog post,forEachTraversal, the second parameter is a method as a parameter, then the anonymous function can also be used as a parameter.

void functionTest() {

  var list =  [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] ; 
  // list.forEach(print); 
  forEachTest ( list , ( var a ) { 
    print ( a ) ; 
  } ) ; 
} 
// customize a forEach 
forEachTest ( List list , void  func ( var element ) ) { 
  for  ( var e in list )  func ( e ); 
}

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• operation result

3. Closures

Closureclosure

• Concept: A function defined in a function is a closure, and a closure is also an object.
• The role of closures: local variables that can access external functions.

The following code,funcTestThe return value is a closure. Why there is a closure is well explained by the word closure. A closure is a closed loop. in iOSblockIt is also a closure, and the most worrying problem is the problem of circular references, but this is precisely its characteristic. It is deliberately designed like this, but also because of the underlying principle of the function, the stack will not be restored in time, and there will always be this memory.

void  closureTest ( ) { 
  // Closure closure 
  // The function defined in the function is the closure, and the closure is also an object 
  // The function of the closure: you can access the local variables of the external function; 
  var funcA =  funcTest ( ) ; 
  funcA ( ) ; 
  funcA ( ) ; 
  funcA ( ) ;

} 
funcTest ( ) { 
 int a =  0 ; 
 return  ( ) = > print ( a ++ ) ; //This is an anonymous function, the others are closures

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This design is to allow our internal functions to continuously access external variables, as you can see from the above code example.

According to our common sense,returnIs it completed after that?int a = 0;local variables ofajust destroyed, right? Then if it is passed by value, the results printed by the above multiple calls should be the same, as1, but the result is not so.

From the printing results, the value of a has been added, that is, a is released before it is executed.

So what about another closure, what is the result?

If there is another one, it is the new stack memory, and the two memories are different. The external variable will be captured from the beginning.

4. Write at the back

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